CHAPTER 6 NON – VERBAL COMMUNICATION
·
Behavior and components of
speech from words
· Includes tone, speed, volume of
voice, gestures, and facial expressions
· Examples of non – verbal
communication : -
THE FUNCTIONS
OF NON – VERBAL MESSAGES
Six functions
are : -
1)
Integrating
Non – verbal and Verbal Messages
2)
Forming
and Managing Impressions
3)
Defining
Relationships
4)
Structuring
Conversation
5)
Influencing
and Deceiving
6)
Expressing
Emotions
1)
Integrating
Non – verbal and Verbal Messages
There are six functions of non – verbal communication
: -
For example :
Instead of saying “Hi” / “Bye”, you might
just wave a hand to someone.
·
Contradict ( using nonverbal
messages to gainsay the verbal messages )
For example :
You are yelling, but you said that “I am
not upset”
·
Regulate (the turn talking
signs during talk)
For example :
·
Accent ( using nonverbal cues
to increase verbal messages )
For example :
If you speak
louder and your eye widen, it will making the messages more clear.
·
Complement ( the amount of
redundancy nonverbal communication adds to verbal messages )
For example :
If you say you
are hungry you might rub your stomach.
·
Repeat ( same like
complementing, but with a delay between verbal and nonverbal communication )
For example :
When someone
asking you question, you say “don’t know”, then shaking head afterwards.
2. Forming And Managing Impressions
( the ways you
impression you want to communicate and you value to others )
·
To be liked ( showing a behavior
to increase interpersonal attractiveness, such as smile, pat someone on the
back, and shake hands warmly )
For example :
Your colleague
are new on the job, you might help and show respect to others, and help the
person feel positive about himself/ herself.
·
To be believed ( showing part
of strategy would involve attempts to establish credibility, such as make
confident eye contact, firm stance and adopt “open” gesture )
For example:
If you are
establish that a good character, you might mention your fairness, honesty, and
your commitment lasting values.
·
To avoid failure ( someone who
avoid put effort in the job and keeping failure from hurting self-esteem - might look sad, cover face with hands, and
shake head )
·
To secure help ( someone who
inability and ineffectiveness, it might want to be taken care and protected –
indicating helplessness, use open gestures, puzzle look, and inept movements )
For example :
“I can’t fix the
drain and it make me crazy, because I totally don’t know anything about
plumbing,” and it hope get help from others.
·
To hide faults ( not only
presenting positive image, but to hide negative part – avoid eye contact, but
both body language and facial expression might give it away )
For example :
Censor your behavior such as speech. You avoid your normal slang to make your
friends think more highly than you.
·
To be followed ( Knowledge,
capability, right to lead by position )
For example : You
will want to get people to see you as a leader. You might stress your previous
experience, your broad knowledge, and your previous successes.
·
To confirm self-image and to
communicate it to others ( Strengthen your positive perceptions of yourself )
For example : You
tell jokes and try to make laugh people. This behavior confirms your own self –
image and also lets others know that is who you are and how you want to be
seen.
3.
Defining Relationships
( using
nonverbal signals to communicate the nature of your relationship to another
person and you and that person communicate nonverbally with each other’s. )
Nonverbal can
communicate with various stages of relationships such as : -
a.
Employers
You give the
impression to others like professional and smart such as wearing formal attire
in work.
b.
Normal friends
You will talk
more openly, smoothly and appear more casual look in front of them.
c.
Best friends
The one friend
who is closest to you, you will scream and shout and easily express all your
feeling to each other.
d.
First few dates with girlfriend
/ boyfriend
You behave so
polite before getting close with each other, after that she/he also will scream
and shout and let it all out.
4.
Structuring Conversation ( In
conversation, waiting receive and give signals that you are ready to speak,
listen and comment. )
For example : -
Verbal : Any question want to ask?
Non verbal : Shake your head in the
direction to someone, that mean you are ready to give up your speaking and you
are waiting others to give comment.
5.
Influencing and Deceiving
Non verbal gestures and communication can be influence others into your beliefs and ideas, deceiving as well.
6.
Express Emotions ( Nonverbal behaviors that communicate an internal emotional or
affective state )
For example :
3.
The Channels of Nonverbal
Communication
a.
Body Communication
b.
Facial Communication
c.
Eye Communication
a.
Body Communication
i.
Body movement – Kinesics ( includes movement of the hands, head, feet and legs, posture,eye
movements and facial expressions – all these affect the message )
·
Emblems – cues with a direct
verbal meaning in a given a culture (thumbs up sign )
·
Illustrators – gestures that
complement verbal signals, measure distance with the space between our hands.
·
Affect displays – used to
communicate emotions
·
Regulators – controls flow of
communication
ii.
Body appearance
·
More attractive people are
judged to be happier, more intelligent, friendly, stronger, and kinder and are
thought to have better personality, better jobs, and greater marital capability.
·
Attractive people get more
dates, higher grades, and higher tips.
Bad Hair Day??
b) I) Facial Communication
·
Facial expressions are the key
characteristics of nonverbal communication.
·
Your facial expression can
communicate happiness, sadness, anger or fear.
ii.
Facial management
·
To hide certain emotions and to
emphasize others.
·
Here are five facial management
techniques : -
1.
Intensifying ( help you to
exaggerate a feeling )
For example :
To exaggerate
your surprise when friends throw you a party, so to make your friends feel
better.
1.
Deintensifying
( Helps you to
underplay a feeling. )
For example :
When you take a good result, you need to cover up your own joy in the presence
of a friend who didn’t get a good result.
2.
Neutralizing
( Helps you to
hide your feelings )
For example :
You are upset about your exam result, but you want to cover up and don’t want
show out in front of your friends, act like nothing.
3.
Masking
( Helps you to
replace the expression of the one emotion for the emotion you are really
feeling )
For example :
You actually disappointed about your exam result, but you need act happy in
front of friends.
4.
Simulating
( Help you to
express feeling that you don’t know )
For example : You
keep smile when receiving your boyfriend or girlfriend messages.
3.
Eye Communication
·
A key characteristic of
nonverbal communication, expresses much without using a single word.
·
In American culture, maintaining
eye contact shows respect and indicates interest.
·
Eye contact also establish the
nature of a relationship.
Functions of eye
movements : -
·
To seek feedback
·
To signal openness in the
communication channel ( look at you and waiting response )
·
To signal the nature of a
relationship ( higher eye contact lower listening )
·
To change the psychological
distance ( physical distance between you are others )
·
To helps others maintain
privacy – eye avoidance ( avoid eye contact, help others keep their privacy )
·
To signal lack of interest
through eye avoidance
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