--> An interaction among communicators using verbal and nonverbal message.
Verbal message
* Words
Principle of Verbal Message
1) -Message meanings are in people
! Same words but different meaning
"
I like red color" & " Red color makes my day!
! Same thing, but different meaning
I don't like Pizza hut & I love Domino's Pizza
2) Messages/ language are
denotative and connotative
Denotative: Dictionary meaning
Black: A type of color
Connotative: Subjective or emotional meaning
Black: State of powerful.
3) Meanings depend on context or abstraction
Meaning are different in different contexts depends on the time, place and style you say it
VERBAL =>"WATCH"
Do you mean "a time piece"?? or do you mean "to look"??
NON-VERBAL =>"CRY"
What does it mean when someone cry??
.jpg)
.jpg)
(i) meanings are culturally influenced:
Principle of Cooperation => During communication, both parties will help each other understand each other
The Principle of Cooperation includes four maxims:
(1) The Maxim of Quality, try to make your contribution one that is true. You have to avoid saying something that you believe to be false or lack adequate evidence to make your utterances understandable
Meaning are different in different contexts depends on the time, place and style you say it
VERBAL =>"WATCH"
Do you mean "a time piece"?? or do you mean "to look"??
NON-VERBAL =>"CRY"
What does it mean when someone cry??
(i) meanings are culturally influenced:
Principle of Cooperation => During communication, both parties will help each other understand each other
The Principle of Cooperation includes four maxims:
(1) The Maxim of Quality, try to make your contribution one that is true. You have to avoid saying something that you believe to be false or lack adequate evidence to make your utterances understandable
Example:
A: What is the Capital City of Indonesia?
B: I believe it's Bogor, or maybe Jakarta, Indonesia has wide territory.
(2) The Maxim of Relation, try to make your contributions relevant. It means you have to say some information which is related to the topic
Example:
Mom: Have you done your homework?
Son: My bicycle is broken mom.
(3)The Maxim of Manner, try to make your utterance as clear, as brief, and as orderly as one can in what one says, and avoid obscurity and ambiguity
Example:
" The Coke side of life" (ads of Coca cola)
(4) The Maxim of Quantity, try to make your contribution as informative as is required, in the other words, do not make your contribution more or less informative than is required
Example:
A: What time is it?
B: It's two a'clock, in fact it's four pass two, and now it's Sunday.
Principle of Peaceful Relations => When you communicate, your primary goal is to maintain peaceful relationships
Principle of Face-Saving => Preserve the image of the other person and do not embarrass anyone
Principle of Self-Denigration => Avoid taking credit for accomplishments and raise the image of the people with whom you are talking
(II) MEANINGS ARE INFLUENCEs by gender:
Men ~ more direct, assertive and brief
Women ~ more complicated and polite
4) Messages vary in politeness
Lying means telling another person a false information
types of lies
A: What is the Capital City of Indonesia?
B: I believe it's Bogor, or maybe Jakarta, Indonesia has wide territory.
(2) The Maxim of Relation, try to make your contributions relevant. It means you have to say some information which is related to the topic
Example:
Mom: Have you done your homework?
Son: My bicycle is broken mom.
(3)The Maxim of Manner, try to make your utterance as clear, as brief, and as orderly as one can in what one says, and avoid obscurity and ambiguity
Example:
" The Coke side of life" (ads of Coca cola)
(4) The Maxim of Quantity, try to make your contribution as informative as is required, in the other words, do not make your contribution more or less informative than is required
Example:
A: What time is it?
B: It's two a'clock, in fact it's four pass two, and now it's Sunday.
Principle of Peaceful Relations => When you communicate, your primary goal is to maintain peaceful relationships
Principle of Face-Saving => Preserve the image of the other person and do not embarrass anyone
Principle of Self-Denigration => Avoid taking credit for accomplishments and raise the image of the people with whom you are talking
(II) MEANINGS ARE INFLUENCEs by gender:
Men ~ more direct, assertive and brief
Women ~ more complicated and polite
4) Messages vary in politeness
Politeness VS Impoliteness
Politeness
-
to perform an action in the most clear and efficient
manner ( ex: asking permission ) on the part of the speaker.
-
it's about respect, and being considerate of
people's feelings, culture, and values.
Example : “ Daddy, can you please
help me with my homework? “, “ Could you bring in my paper, please? “
Impoliteness
-
A behaviour which are rudeness manner ( ex :
negative facial expressions ) that ignores accepted public usage.
Directness VS Indirectness
Directness
-
A straightness in attitude and speech.
Example : “ Wow you’re really
getting fatter! “
The speaker came out and just
said it, making it known exactly what he was thinking.
Indirectness
-
A communicative skills to allow speaker express
their message without causing embarrassing.
Example : “ I like that purse, do
you mind if I ask u where u get it? “
( 5 ) Messages Vary in Assertiveness
-
An assertive person who expresses feelings
honestly, confident, and self –respecting. They operate with an “ I win, you
win “
Communicating assertiveness
1.
Describe the problem
2.
State this problem how to affect you
3.
Propose solutions
4.
Confirm understanding
( 6 ) Message can deceive
types of lies
- pro-social deception = the intention to achieve something good
- self-enhancement deception = to build a good reputation for yourself
- selfish deception = the intention to protect yourself
- anti-social deception = the negative intention to hurt someone else
Dis-confirmation and Confirmation
Scenario: Ducky the Duck accused Cathy the Cat for stealing her ribbon but Cathy just bought that ribbon earlier that morning.
Dis-confirmation: Cathy would completely ignore Ducky
Rejection: Cathy would raise her voice and claim that she bought the ribbon herself
Confirmation: Cathy would ask Ducky if she lost her ribbon and calmly say that she bought that ribbon earlier that day
Confirmation and dis-confirmation is also referring to a situation which you acknowledge another person.
Dis-confirmation: it a communication way which you ignore a person and their massages
~ often not in a polite way
Dis-confirmation: it a communication way which you ignore a person and their massages
~ often not in a polite way
Confirmation is the opposite communication pattern . When
your friends or family tell you some things , you
must confirmation again, that
is the more polite way in communicating
with one another.
Sometimes we ignoring who teases you but that not totally wrong,
that confirmation must be practiced all the time.
Disconfirmation and
confirmation would always be deemed as subjective. For example, after you watch
a movie with your friends, you say the movie really good but your friend are
not endorse.
The different of racism, sex and age open up conflicts because of
the different disconfirmation and confirmation.
